Currently, overweight and obesity represent a public health problem that affects populations of all cultures, socioeconomic c

Currently, overweight and obesity represent a public health problem that affects populations of all cultures, socioeconomic classes, and ages, including children. Obesity has been considered to result from lifestyle changes, especially in food consumption, physical activity and sedentary tendencies, because the environment has grown more obesogenic in recent decades. Regarding food habits, there have been the following two opposing tendencies: 1) an increasing consumption of high-caloric industrialized foods and beverages; for instance, Mexican school children obtain approximately 20.7% of their energy from sweetened beverages, and 2) a decreasing consumption of natural and healthy foods, such as fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains, which is a habit considered to be a risk factor for obesity.
Additionally, Western societies, including children, display an increased tendency toward sedentary lifestyles, including resting, watching TV, traveling by car to and from school and performing less physical activity. Physical activity has an important role in maintaining a healthy nutritional status, while sedentary lifestyles are a risk factor for obesity and its comorbidities.
According to the Mexican National Nutrition Surveys, the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren increased from 26.9% in 1999 to 34.8% in 2006. Although the 2012 survey indicates that the prevalence of overweight and obesity has not increased over the past 6 years (34.4%), the percentage is one of the highest among school-age children (5-11 years) in Latin America. The recent increase in the problem is likely associated with changes in the lifestyles of families. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to 1) characterize the dietary habits, exercise, and sedentary lifestyles of school children in Mexico City according to eutrophic or obese nutritional status and 2) identify which habits regarding modified foods or exercise styles lead children who live in an obesogenic environment to develop overweight or obesity.
28. The passage mainly discusses _______.
A. causes of overweight and obesity
B. causes and impacts of overweight and obesity
C. solutions of overweight and obesity
D. overweight and obesity related diseases
29. It is stated in paragraph 1 that overweight and obesity is mainly caused by _______.
A. physical activity and sedentary tendencies
B. an increasing consumption of high-caloric foods
C. changes in people’s lifestyles
D. a low consumption of healthy foods
30. The word “obesogenic” in the passage almost means _______.
A. causing dangers B. making obese C. gaining weight D. increasing calories
31. The word “which” in the passage refers to _______.
A. food habits
B. increasing consumption of high-caloric industrialized foods and beverages
C. a decreasing consumption of natural and healthy foods
D. obtaining energy from sweetened beverages
32. The word “display” in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.
A. describe B. show C. argue D. represent
33. The word “comorbidities” in the passage almost means _______.
A. obesity related diseases B. causes of obesity
C. symptoms of obesity D. obesity causing conditions
34. The main idea of paragraph 4 is _______.
A. the aim of the present study on dietary habits
B. the aim of the present study on overweight and obesity
C. the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity
D. sedentary lifestyles of school children in Mexico City
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